Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA): Future Trends in Accurate Diagnosis and Multi-Field Applications

In vitro diagnostics (IVD) technology is a crucial component of modern medical testing. By analyzing human samples (such as blood, urine, and tissue), it provides key information for disease diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and health assessment. Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA), as an important technology in the IVD field, has garnered increasing attention due to its high sensitivity, high specificity, and broad application prospects.

Principle and Classification of Chemiluminescence Immunoassay

Chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) combines the characteristics of chemiluminescent reactions and immunology. The specific principle is to label antigens or antibodies with luminescent substances or enzymes. When antigens or antibodies specifically bind to the analyte, an oxidant, chemiluminescent substrate, or voltage is added to excite these labels. The oxidant promotes oxidation of the luminous substance, or light is produced under enzyme catalysis. Voltage excitation causes the luminescent substance to enter a high-energy excited state, and when it returns to the ground state, it releases light energy. Since the concentration of the analyte has a linear relationship with the luminescence intensity under certain conditions, the luminescence intensity detected by the apparatus can be used to accurately quantify the analyte content.

According to different labels, chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) can be classified as follows:

• Direct chemiluminescence immunoassay: Utilizes substances such as acridinium ester and luminol for labeling.

• Enzyme-enhanced chemiluminescence immunoassay: Uses enzymes such as horseradish peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase for labeling.

• Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay: Employs labels like tris(bipyridine)ruthenium for analysis.

Clinical Applications of Chemiluminescence Immunoassay

Chemiluminescence immunoassay is widely applied in various medical fields, including clinical laboratories, blood transfusion departments, endocrinology departments, obstetrics and gynecology departments, infectious disease departments, nuclear medicine departments, chest pain centers, and molecular laboratories. Its application scope involves the screening and diagnosis of various biochemical indicators and diseases, including:

• Tumor marker detection: Chemiluminescence can accurately detect various tumor markers such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigens (CA125, CA153, CA19-9), etc. Detecting changes in these markers allows for early detection and prognosis assessment of liver cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, ovarian cancer, and more.

• Cardiovascular diseases and hormonal disorders: Chemiluminescence technology can be used to detect myocardial markers and hormone levels, providing important evidence for diagnosing cardiovascular and endocrine diseases.

• Rheumatoid arthritis: With the help of CLIA technology, rheumatoid factors (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (Anti-CCP) can be accurately detected, assisting in early diagnosis and disease monitoring.

The application of CLIA technology in medical diagnosis is continuously expanding, particularly in the fields of tumors, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and more, where it plays an irreplaceable role.

Advantages of the Hotgen MQ60 Chemiluminescence Immunoassay Analyzer

Hotgen's MQ60 chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer, combined with CLIA kits, can provide high-precision diagnosis for cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, cancer, hormonal disorders, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and more. As the technology continues to develop, the detection items of the Hotgen MQ60 also continue to increase, currently supporting more than 100 detection items, providing broader and more precise detection services for clinical use.

In summary, chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA), with its high sensitivity, quantification, and automation advantages, has broad application prospects in the IVD field and is expected to play an increasingly important role in precision medicine and early diagnosis in the future.